Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center (Connecting the Dots: Harvard, MIT, Quaker, Monstanto, Obama, Bayer, RoundUp, Covid, FDA, Pfizer (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer) & Soros Funding, All Networking)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Fernald_Developmental_Center
The Walter
E. Fernald State School, later the Walter E. Fernald Developmental
Center, was the Western hemisphere's oldest publicly funded institution
serving people with developmental disabilities.[2][3] Originally
a Victorian sanatorium,
it became a "poster
child" for the American eugenics movement
during the 1920s. It later was the scene of medical experiments in the 20th century. Investigations
into this research led to new regulations regarding human research in children.
The
school occupies a 186 acres (75 ha) property off Trapelo Road in Waltham, Massachusetts.
History
Early
history[edit]
The
Fernald Center, originally called the Experimental School for Teaching and
Training Idiotic Children,[4][5] was
founded in Boston by reformer Samuel Gridley Howe in 1848 with a $2,500 appropriation
from the Massachusetts State Legislature. The school
gradually moved to a new permanent location in Waltham between 1888 and 1891.
It would eventually comprise 72 buildings total, located on 196 acres
(0.79 km2). At its peak, some 2,500 people were confined there,
most of them "feeble-minded"
boys.
Under
its third superintendent, Walter E. Fernald (1859–1924),
an advocate of eugenics,
the school was viewed as a model educational facility in the field of mental retardation. It was renamed in his honor in 1925,
following his death the previous year. The institution was involved in several
different procedures that used the residents as test subjects, some of which
included sterilization and radiation experimentation.
The
institution did serve a large population of children with cognitive
disabilities (referred to as "mentally retarded children"), but The Boston Globe estimates
that upwards of half of the inmates tested with IQs in the normal range. In the 20th
century, living conditions were spartan or worse; approximately 36 children
slept in each dormitory room.
There were also reports of physical and sexual abuse.[6]
Nuclear
medicine research in children
The
Fernald School was the site of the 1946–53 joint experiments by Harvard University and MIT that exposed
young male children to tracer doses of radioactive isotopes.[7] Documents
obtained in 1994 by the United States Department of Energy[8] revealed
the following details:
·
The
experiment was conducted in part by a research fellow sponsored by the Quaker Oats Company.
·
MIT
Professor of Nutrition Robert S. Harris led the experiment, which studied the
absorption of calcium and iron.
·
The
boys were encouraged to join a "Science Club", which offered larger
portions of food, parties, and trips to Boston Red Sox baseball
games.
·
The
57 club members ate iron-enriched
cereals and calcium-enriched
milk for breakfast. In order to track absorption, several radioactive calcium tracers
were given orally or intravenously.
·
Radiation
levels in stool and blood samples would serve as dependent variables.
·
In
another study, 17 subjects received iron supplement shots containing
radioisotopes of iron.[9]
·
Neither
the children nor their parents ever gave adequate informed consent for
participation in a scientific study.
The Advisory Committee on Human
Radiation Experiments, reporting to the United States Department of Energy in
1994, reported on these experiments:[10]
In
1946, one study exposed seventeen subjects to radioactive iron. The second
study, which involved a series of seventeen related subexperiments, exposed
fifty-seven subjects to radioactive calcium between 1950 and 1953. It is clear
that the doses involved were low and that it is extremely unlikely that any of
the children who were used as subjects were harmed as a consequence. These
studies remain morally troubling, however, for several reasons. First, although
parents or guardians were asked for their permission to have their children
involved in the research, the available evidence suggests that the information
provided was, at best, incomplete. Second, there is the question of the
fairness of selecting institutionalized children at all, children whose life
circumstances were by any standard already heavily burdened.
It
has been claimed that the highest dose of radiation that any subject was
exposed to was 330 millirem,
the equivalent of less than one year's background radiation in Denver.[11] A
1995 class-action suit resulted in a 1998 District court decision awarding the
victims a $1.85 million settlement from MIT and Quaker.[11]
The
school also participated in studies of thyroid function
in patients with Down
Syndrome and their parents.[12] This
study showed that their iodine metabolism was similar to normal controls.
Reform
lawsuit
This
situation changed in the 1970s, when a class action suit, Ricci v. Okin, was filed to upgrade
conditions at Fernald and several other state institutions for persons with
intellectual disability in Massachusetts. U.S. District Court Judge Joseph Louis Tauro, who assumed oversight of the case in 1972,
formally disengaged from the case in 1993, declaring that improvements in the
care and conditions at the facilities had made them "second to none
anywhere in the world". A result for Fernald residents of the class action
suit which took effect in 1993 was the provision of "a guaranteed level of
care, regardless of cost, to compensate for decades of neglect and abuse".[3]
Twenty-first
century
The
buildings and grounds survived into the 2000s as a center for mentally disabled
adults, operated by the Massachusetts Department of Mental Retardation. In
2001, 320 adults resided at Fernald, with ages ranging from 27 to 96 years and
an average age of 47 years. According to a December 13, 2004 article in
the Boston Globe, Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney announced
in 2003 that the facility would be closed and the land sold by 2007. In 2003, a
coalition of family advocates and state employee unions began a campaign to
save Fernald and asked Judge Tauro to resume his oversight of the "Ricci
v. Okin" class action lawsuit that had led to improvements at Fernald and
the other state facilities beginning in the 1970s.
In
an August 14, 2007 ruling, Judge Tauro ordered the Department of Mental
Retardation to consider the individual wishes of all 185 institution residents
before closing the facility. However, in September 2007, the new administration
of Governor Deval
Patrick appealed Tauro's ruling to the First Circuit U.S. Court
of Appeals in Boston. In a statement, the Patrick administration contended that
Fernald had become too expensive to continue to operate and that equal or
better care could be provided in private, community-based settings for the
remaining Fernald residents. The administration's cost claims have been
disputed by the Fernald League for the Retarded, Inc., the Massachusetts
Coalition of Families and Advocates for the Retarded, Inc. (COFAR) and other
family-based organizations, which have continued to advocate for the
preservation of Fernald as a site for ICF/MR-level care for its current
residents. Those advocacy organizations proposed a "postage-stamp"
plan under which Fernald would be scaled back in size and the remaining portion
of the campus sold for development. The Patrick administration, however,
declined to negotiate with those Fernald advocates, and pressed ahead with its
appeal and closure plans.
A
significant portion of the Waltham campus, encompassing its facilities
established through Fernald's tenure, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in
1994.[13] Fernald
was the subject of a 2005 documentary film "Front Wards, Back Wards"
directed by W.C. Rogers, which has been shown on some PBS television stations.[14][15]
As
of June 2013, Fernald remained open with 13 residents living on grounds, the
oldest of whom was 84 years old and a resident since the age of 19.[3] It
was reported to cost approximately US$1,000,000 per client per year, or about four times the
United States national average for a state-supported institution.
The
Fernald Center's last resident was discharged on Thursday, November 13, 2014,[16][17] after
a protracted legal and political battle which cost the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts over $40 million in additional costs over the projected closure
date of 2010. Remaining residents were integrated into community services or
other state-operated programs.[18] In
2014 the land was purchased by the city of Waltham in two parcels, 139 acres
for $2.7 million paid out of Community Preservation Act funds, and 40 acres for
$800,000 of city funds. The CPA section may only be used for open space,
recreation, or historic preservation. The 40 acre portion has no restrictions
for future use.[19] There
was a period of discussion about building a new high school for Waltham on a
section of the site,[20][21] but
eventually the proposal was discarded due to difficult topography, potential
soil contamination, and a denial of approval from the Massachusetts Historical
Commission related to the demolition of certain buildings on the site.[22]
Current
status
In
May 2017 and 2018, the Waltham Lions Club held a fundraising carnival on the
grounds with rides, games, prizes, a petting zoo and food.[23][24]
In
November/December 2020 and 2021, the site became the home of the Greater Boston
Lights Show, a fundraiser for the Waltham Lions Club chapter.[25] The
decision to host a holiday lights display at this location angered disability
rights advocates.[26]
In
December 2021, the Waltham Recreation Department held an online meeting to
collect public input for potential recreational development on the Fernald
property.[27] While
many suggestions were made around walking paths, gardens, and other passive
recreation facilities, the majority of the meeting focused on the need to honor
and respect the history of Fernald and the treatment of the residents.[28]
As
of 2021, despite at times considering use of the property as a high school or
police station or for recreational development, it remains vacant except for
these special events.[29] Many
proposals have been made to the Waltham city council for various uses, but most
have been tabled.[30] A
number of residential buildings have been removed and wetlands restoration work
has taken place in the northwest corner of the property.
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Connecting
the Dots:
Herbert M. Kaplan is a board of fellow’s member for Harvard
Medical School and an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution
(think tank).
Cass R. Sunstein is
a professor at Harvard Medical School and a senior fellow at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Lynn Bendheim
Thoman is a board of fellow’s member for Harvard Medical
School and a trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Howard E. Cox Jr. is
a board of fellow’s member for Harvard Medical School and a
trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Kenneth M.
Duberstein is a senior advisory committee member for the Harvard
University Institute of Politics and a trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
Ann M. Fudge was
an overseer at Harvard University and is a trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
John C. Whitehead was
the chairman for Harvard University and is an honorary trustee
at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
C. Douglas Dillon was
an overseer at Harvard University and the chairman for
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Henry Louis
Gates Jr. is a professor at Harvard University and was
an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Harold H. Koh was the
developments editor for the Harvard Law Review, an overseer
at Harvard University and a trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
Paul E. Peterson is
a professor at Harvard University and was a director of
governmental studies at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Lawrence H. Summers is a
professor; former president at Harvard University and was a
trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
George Soros is the chairman for the Foundation
to Promote Open Society.
Breene M. Kerr was
an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
a life member emeritus for the Corporation of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT).
Corporation
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the governing body for
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Laura D'Andrea
Tyson was a trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
a member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT).
Louis W. Cabot is
an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
was a life member emeritus for the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Shirley Ann
Jackson is a life member of the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder
for the Brookings Institution (think tank) and the Urban
Institute (think tank).
George Soros is the chairman
for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.
Urban Institute (think
tank) is a contractor for Obamacare.
John M. Deutch is a life
trustee at the Urban Institute (think tank) and a professor at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Obamacare is Barack
Obama’s signature policy initiative.
CGI Group Inc. was
the Obamacare contractor that developed Healthcare.gov
web site.
Donna S. Morea was the EVP
for the CGI Group Inc., and a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development.
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for the Committee for Economic
Development.
George Soros is the chairman for the Foundation to Promote
Open Society.
Alan
G. Spoon was a trustee at the Committee for
Economic Development and is a member of the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Thomas P. Gerrity is a trustee
at the Committee for Economic Development and was a member of
the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Shirley Ann Jackson was a
trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and is a life
member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT).
Carol A. Melton was
a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and is a
director at the Economic Club of Washington.
Robert G.
Liberatore was a trustee at the Committee for Economic
Development and is a director at the Economic Club of Washington.
David M.
Rubenstein is the president of the Economic Club of Washington,
a co-chairman for the Brookings Institution (think tank) and spent
Thanksgiving with Joe Biden.
Vernon E. Jordan
Jr. was the president of the Economic Club of Washington, is
Valerie B. Jarrett’s great uncle, a life trustee at the Urban
Institute (think tank) and an honorary trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder
for the Urban Institute (think tank) and the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
George Soros is the chairman for the Foundation to Promote
Open Society.
Urban Institute (think
tank) is a contractor for Obamacare.
John M. Deutch is
a life trustee at the Urban Institute (think tank) and a professor
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Breene M. Kerr was
an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
a life member emeritus for the Corporation of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT).
Corporation
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the governing body for
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Laura D'Andrea
Tyson was a trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
a member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT).
Louis W. Cabot is
an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
was a life member emeritus for the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Shirley Ann
Jackson is a life member of the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for the
Urban Institute (think tank) and the Brookings Institution
(think tank).
George Soros is the chairman for the Foundation
to Promote Open Society.
Lawrence H.
Summers was a trustee at the Brookings Institution (think
tank) and is a professor; former president at Harvard University.
Klaus
Kleinfeld is a trustee at the Brookings Institution (think
tank) and a director at Bayer AG (Owners of Monstanto).
RoundUp is made by Monstanto.
Sidley
Austin LLP was
the lobby firm for the Monsanto Company and is the lobby firm for Bayer
HealthCare.
Bayer
HealthCare is a subsidiary of Bayer AG.
Michelle
Obama was a lawyer at Sidley Austin LLP.
Barack Obama was
an intern at Sidley Austin LLP and Obamacare is his signature
policy initiative.
Obamacare is Barack
Obama’s signature policy initiative.
CGI Group Inc. was
the Obamacare contractor that developed Healthcare.gov
web site.
Donna S. Morea was
the EVP for the CGI Group Inc., and a trustee at the Committee
for Economic Development.
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for
the Committee for Economic Development.
George Soros is the chairman
for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.
Alan G. Spoon was
a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and is a member
of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Thomas P. Gerrity is
a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and was a
member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT).
Shirley Ann
Jackson was a trustee at the Committee for Economic
Development and is a life member of the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for
the Committee for Economic Development and the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
George Soros is the chairman
for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.
Mark B. McClellan was
a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution (think tank) and
a commissioner for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Constance J.
Horner is a director at Pfizer Inc. (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer) and was a
guest scholar at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Suzanne Nora
Johnson is a director at Pfizer Inc. (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer) and a trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Amy W. Schulman is
the EVP & general counsel for Pfizer Inc. (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer) and a trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Vernon E. Jordan
Jr. is an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think
tank) and a senior counsel for Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer
& Feld, LLP.
Akin,
Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP is a lobby firm for Pfizer
Inc. (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer).
Sidley Austin
LLP was a lobby firm for Pfizer Inc. (Covid Vaccine Manufacturer), the Monsanto
Company, is the lobby firm for Israel and for Bayer
HealthCare.
Bayer
HealthCare is a subsidiary of Bayer AG.
Michelle
Obama was a lawyer at Sidley Austin LLP.
Barack Obama was
an intern at Sidley Austin LLP and Obamacare is his signature
policy initiative.
Obamacare is Barack
Obama’s signature policy initiative.
CGI Group Inc. was
the Obamacare contractor that developed Healthcare.gov
web site.
Donna S. Morea was
the EVP for the CGI Group Inc., and a trustee at the Committee
for Economic Development.
Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for
the Committee for Economic Development.
George Soros is the chairman
for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.
Alan G. Spoon was
a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and is a member
of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Thomas P. Gerrity is
a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development and was a
member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT).
Shirley Ann
Jackson was a trustee at the Committee for Economic
Development and is a life member of the Corporation of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Resources:
Past Research
Up
to $10.9 Billion will be awarded (Connecting the Dots: Poison) (Past Research on the Quaker Oats Company)
WEDNESDAY,
AUGUST 10, 2022
https://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2022/08/up-to-109-billion-will-be-awarded.html
RoundUp
Glyphosate Found in Popular Food Brands
By
Case Adams, PHD.
Realnatural.com
https://www.realnatural.org/roundup-glyphosate-popular-food-brands/
Glyphosate,
the key ingredient in RoundUp pesticide,
has now been found in significant amounts in popular food brands according to
two different toxicology studies.
We’re
talking about popular foods from some of the largest food brands,
including Quaker,
Doritios, Kelloggs and Back to Nature. Yes, some of theses are brands
that position their branded foods as natural, yet they have been found to
contain hundreds of PPBs (parts per million). This is a significant amount
according to food scientists, as we’ll discuss.
ObamaCare
architect: I regret 'stupidity' of voter comment (Past
Research on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT))
WEDNESDAY,
NOVEMBER 12, 2014
https://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2014/11/obamacare-architect-i-regret-stupidity.html
Mike
Rowe on How Many Are Following the ‘Worst Advice in the History of the World’ (Past Research on Harvard)
SATURDAY,
NOVEMBER 16, 2013
https://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2013/11/mike-rowe-on-how-many-are-following.html
Monsanto
and Bayer CropScience in deals to share technology (Past
Research on Monsanto owned by Bayer AG)
MONDAY,
OCTOBER 21, 2013
https://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2013/10/monsanto-and-bayer-cropscience-in-deals.html
IG
Farben / Bayer / Pfizer / Israel (Past Research on Pfizer
& the FDA)
SUNDAY,
SEPTEMBER 19, 2021
https://thesteadydrip.blogspot.com/2021/09/ig-farben-bayer-pfizer-israel.html
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