Celebrex Ad
Celecoxib (Brand name Celebrex)
History
Two lawsuits arose over discovery
of celecoxib. Daniel L. Simmons of Brigham
Young University
discovered the COX-2 enzyme,[30] and BYU entered into a collaboration with
Monsanto to develop drugs to inhibit it. BYU ended up suing Pfizer for breach
of contract.[31] A settlement was reached in April 2012 in which Pfizer agreed
to pay $450 million.[32][33] Other important discoveries in COX-2 were made at
University of Rochester, which patented the discoveries.[34] When the patent
issued, the university sued Searle (later Pfizer)
in a case called, University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle & Co., 358 F.3d
916 (Fed. Cir. 2004). The court ruled in favor of Searle in 2004, holding in
essence that the university had claimed a method requiring, yet provided no
written description of, a compound that could inhibit COX-2 and therefore the
patent was invalid.[35][36]
Celecoxib was discovered and[37]
developed by G. D. Searle & Company and was approved by the FDA on December
31, 1998.[38] It was co-promoted by Monsanto
Company (parent company of Searle) and Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex. Monsanto merged with
Pharmacia, from which the Medical Research Division was acquired by Pfizer,
giving Pfizer ownership of Celebrex. The drug was at the core of a major patent
dispute that was resolved in Searle's favor (later Pfizer) in 2004.[35][36] In
University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle
& Co., 358 F.3d 916 (Fed. Cir. 2004), the University of Rochester
claimed that United States Pat. No. 6,048,850 (which claimed a method of
inhibiting COX-2 in humans using a compound, without actually disclosing what
that compound might be) covered drugs such as celecoxib. The court ruled in
favor of Searle, holding in essence that the University had claimed a method
requiring, yet provided no written description of, a compound that could
inhibit COX-2 and therefore the patent was invalid.
After the withdrawal of rofecoxib
(Vioxx) from the market in September 2004, Celebrex enjoyed a robust increase
in sales. However, the results of the APC trial in December of that year raised
concerns that Celebrex might carry risks similar to those of Vioxx, and Pfizer
announced a moratorium on direct-to-consumer advertising of Celebrex soon
afterwards. After a significant drop, sales of Celebrex have recovered, and
reached $2 billion in 2006.[15] Pfizer resumed advertising Celebrex in
magazines in 2006,[39] and resumed television advertising in April 2007 with an
unorthodox, 2 1⁄2-minute advertisement which extensively discussed the adverse
effects of Celebrex in comparison with other anti-inflammatory drugs. The ad
drew criticism from the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, which called
the ad's comparisons misleading.[40] Pfizer responded to Public Citizen's
concerns with assurances that they are truthfully advertising the risk and
benefits of Celebrex as set forth by the FDA.[40]
In late 2007, Pfizer released
another US
television ad for Celebrex, which also discussed celecoxib's adverse effects in
comparison with those of other anti-inflammatory drugs.
Society and culture
Fabricated efficacy studies
On March 11, 2009, Scott S.
Reuben, former chief of acute pain at Baystate
Medical Center,
Springfield, Massachusetts, revealed that the data for 21
studies he had authored for the efficacy of the drug (along with others such as
Vioxx) had been fabricated. The analgesic effects of the drugs had been
exaggerated. Reuben was also a former paid spokesperson for Pfizer. None of the
retracted studies were submitted to either the US Food and Drug Administration or the European Union's regulatory agencies prior to the drug's approval.
Pfizer issued a public statement declaring, "It is very disappointing to
learn about Dr. Scott Reuben's alleged actions. When we decided to support Dr.
Reuben's research, he worked for a credible academic medical center and
appeared to be a reputable investigator.
G.D. Searle & Co
Monsanto Company
acquired the G.D. Searle & Co.
Note: Michael R. Taylor
was the VP for public policy at the Monsanto
Company, and is the deputy commissioner for foods for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Mark B. McClellan
was the commissioner for the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA), and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Foundation
to Promote Open Society was a funder for the Brookings Institution
(think tank), the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think
tank), and the Aspen Institute
(think tank).
George Soros
was the chairman for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.
Klaus Kleinfeld is a trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank), a director at Bayer AG, and a 2008 Bilderberg conference participant
(think tank).
Bayer AG
The Bayer company then became
part of IG Farben, a German chemical company conglomerate. During World War II,
the IG Farben used slave labor in factories attached to large slave labor
camps, notably the sub-camps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.[3] IG
Farben owned 42.5% of the company that manufactured Zyklon B,[4] a chemical
used in the gas chambers of Auschwitz and other extermination camps. After
World War II, the Allies broke up IG Farben and Bayer reappeared as an
individual business. The Bayer executive Fritz ter Meer, sentenced to seven
years in prison during the IG Farben Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, was made head of the supervisory
board of Bayer in 1956, after his release.
Bayer
Corporation is the North American subsidiary for Bayer AG.
Mayer Brown
was the lobby firm for the Bayer Corporation, and Pfizer Inc.
Robert A.
Helman is a partner at Mayer Brown, a member of the Commercial
Club of Chicago, and was an honorary trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank).
William M. Daley
Professional career
Daley returned to the practice of
law, as a partner with the firm Mayer Brown (then Mayer, Brown & Platt) from 1993 to 1997.
William M.
Daley was a partner at Mayer Brown, the chief of staff for the Barack
Obama administration, and is a member of the Commercial Club of Chicago.
Edward
M. Liddy is a member of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and was the CFO
for G.D. Searle & Co.
Monsanto Company
acquired the G.D. Searle & Co.
R. Eden
Martin is the president of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and
counsel at Sidley Austin LLP
Newton N.
Minow is a member of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and a senior
counsel at Sidley Austin LLP.
Michelle
Obama was a lawyer at Sidley Austin LLP.
Barack Obama
was an intern at Sidley Austin LLP.
Sidley
Austin LLP is the lobby firm for Bayer HealthCare, and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers
of America, was the lobby firm for Pfizer Inc., and the Monsanto Company.
Akin,
Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP is the lobby firm for Monsanto Company, Pfizer Inc., and the Pharmaceutical
Research and Manufacturers of America.
Vernon E. Jordan Jr. is a senior
counsel for Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer
& Feld, LLP, Valerie B. Jarrett’s great uncle, an honorary trustee at
the Brookings Institution (think tank), a director at the American
Friends of Bilderberg (think tank), and a 2008 Bilderberg conference
participant (think tank).
Valerie B. Jarrett
is Vernon E. Jordan Jr’s great niece, the senior
adviser for the Barack Obama administration,
and a member of the Commercial Club of
Chicago.
Edward
M. Liddy is a member of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and was the CFO
for G.D. Searle & Co.
Commercial Club of Chicago,
Members Directory A-Z (Past Research)
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
Cyrus F.
Freidheim Jr. is a member of the Commercial
Club of Chicago, and an honorary trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank).
Constance J.
Horner was a guest scholar at the Brookings
Institution (think tank), and is a director at Pfizer Inc.
Amy
W. Schulman is a trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank), and the EVP & general counsel for Pfizer Inc.
Suzanne Nora
Johnson is a trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank), a director at Pfizer Inc., and a trustee at the Carnegie Institution for Science.
Jessica Tuchman Mathews was an honorary
trustee at the Brookings Institution (think tank), is the president of
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank), a director
at the American Friends of Bilderberg (think tank), and a 2008 Bilderberg
conference participant (think tank).
Ed Griffin’s interview with
Norman Dodd in 1982
(The investigation into the
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace uncovered the plans for population
control by involving the United
States in war)
Andrew Carnegie
was the founder of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think
tank), and the founder of the Carnegie
Institution for Science.
David
F. Swensen is a senior trustee at the Carnegie
Institution for Science, and was a trustee at the Brookings Institution
(think tank).
William T.
Coleman Jr. is a senior trustee at the Carnegie
Institution for Science, an honorary trustee at the Brookings
Institution (think tank), and was a lifetime trustee at the Aspen Institute (think tank).
Javier
Solana is a trustee at the Aspen
Institute (think tank), and was the high representative for common foreign
& security policy for the European
Union.
John
P. Mascotte was a lifetime trustee at the Aspen Institute (think tank), and a director at the Pfizer Inc.
James S. Crown
is a trustee at the Aspen Institute (think tank), and a member of the Commercial
Club of Chicago.
Lester Crown
was a lifetime trustee at the Aspen Institute (think tank), and is a
member of the Commercial Club of Chicago.
Edward
M. Liddy is a member of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and was the CFO
for G.D. Searle & Co.
Monsanto Company
acquired the G.D. Searle & Co.
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