Gulf War

Gulf War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War#Media_coverage

Media coverage

Main article: Media coverage of the Gulf War

The war was heavily televised. For the first time, people all over the world were able to watch live pictures of missiles hitting their targets and fighters departing from aircraft carriers. Allied forces were keen to demonstrate their weapons' accuracy.

In the United States, the "big three" network anchors led the war's network news coverage: ABC's Peter Jennings, CBS's Dan Rather, and NBC's Tom Brokaw were anchoring their evening newscasts when air strikes began on 16 January 1991. ABC News correspondent Gary Shepard, reporting live from Baghdad, told Jennings of the city's quietness. But, moments later, Shepard was back on the air as flashes of light were seen on the horizon and tracer fire was heard on the ground.

On CBS, viewers were watching a report from correspondent Allen Pizzey, who was also reporting from Baghdad, when the war began. Rather, after the report was finished, announced that there were unconfirmed reports of flashes in Baghdad and heavy air traffic at bases in Saudi Arabia. On the NBC Nightly News, correspondent Mike Boettcher reported unusual air activity in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Moments later, Brokaw announced to his viewers that the air attack had begun.

Still, it was CNN whose coverage gained the most popularity and indeed its wartime coverage is often cited as one of the landmark events in the network's history, ultimately leading to the establishment of CNN International. CNN correspondents John Holliman and Peter Arnett and CNN anchor Bernard Shaw relayed audio reports from Baghdad's Al-Rashid Hotel as the air strikes began. The network had previously convinced the Iraqi government to allow installation of a permanent audio circuit in their makeshift bureau. When the telephones of all of the other Western TV correspondents went dead during the bombing, CNN was the only service able to provide live reporting. After the initial bombing, Arnett remained behind and was, for a time, the only American TV correspondent reporting from Iraq.

In the United Kingdom, the BBC devoted the FM portion of its national speech radio station BBC Radio 4 to an 18-hour rolling news format creating Radio 4 News FM. The station was short lived, ending shortly after President Bush declared the ceasefire and Kuwait's liberation. However, it paved the way for the later introduction of Radio Five Live.

Two BBC journalists, John Simpson and Bob Simpson (no relation), defied their editors and remained in Baghdad to report on the war's progress. They were responsible for a report which included an "infamous cruise missile that travelled down a street and turned left at a traffic light."^[220]

Newspapers all over the world also covered the war and Time magazine published a special issue dated 28 January 1991, the headline "War in the Gulf" emblazoned on the cover over a picture of Baghdad taken as the war began.

US policy regarding media freedom was much more restrictive than in the Vietnam War. The policy had been spelled out in a Pentagon document entitled Annex Foxtrot. Most of the press information came from briefings organized by the military. Only selected journalists were allowed to visit the front lines or conduct interviews with soldiers. Those visits were always conducted in the presence of officers, and were subject to both prior approval by the military and censorship afterward. This was ostensibly to protect sensitive information from being revealed to Iraq. This policy was heavily influenced by the military's experience with the Vietnam War, in which public opposition within the US grew throughout the war's course. It was not only the limitation of information in the Middle East; media were also restricting what was shown about the war with more graphic depictions like Ken Jarecke's image of a burnt Iraqi soldier being pulled from the American AP wire whereas in Europe it was given extensive coverage.^{[221][222][223]}

At the same time, the war's coverage was new in its instantaneousness. About halfway through the war, Iraq's government decided to allow live satellite transmissions from the country by Western news organizations, and US journalists returned en masse to Baghdad. NBC's Tom Aspell, ABC's Bill Blakemore, and CBS News' Betsy Aaron filed reports, subject to acknowledged Iraqi censorship. Throughout the war, footage of incoming missiles was broadcast almost immediately.

A British crew from CBS News, David Green and Andy Thompson, equipped with satellite transmission equipment, traveled with the front line forces and, having transmitted live TV pictures of the fighting en route, arrived the day before the forces in Kuwait City, broadcasting live television from the city and covering the entrance of the Arab forces the next day.

Alternative media outlets provided views in opposition to the war. Deep Dish Television compiled segments from independent producers in the US and abroad, and produced a 10-hour series that was distributed internationally, called The Gulf Crisis TV Project.^[224] The series' first program War, Oil and Power^[225] was compiled and released in 1990, before the war broke out. News World Order^[226] was the title of another program in the series; it focused on the media's complicity in promoting the war, as well as Americans' reactions to the media coverage. In San Francisco, as a local example, Paper Tiger Television West produced a weekly cable television show with highlights of mass demonstrations, artists' actions, lectures, and protests against mainstream media coverage at newspaper offices and television stations. Local media outlets in cities across the country screened similar oppositional media.

The organization Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) critically analyzed media coverage during the war in various articles and books, such as the 1991 Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship was at Home.

Iraq

Iraq Study Group made policy recommendations on U.S. involvement in Iraq.

Note: William J. Perry was a member of the Iraq Study Group, and is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank).

Michael Douglas is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and a friend of George Soros.

Ted Turner is a co-chairman for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and the founder of CNN.

Jessica Tuchman Mathews is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), was the president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank), a director at the American Friends of Bilderberg (think tank), and a 2008 Bilderberg conference participant (think tank).

Ed Griffin’s interview with Norman Dodd in 1982

(The investigation into the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace uncovered the plans for population control by involving the United States in war)

http://www.illuminati-news.com/110106a.htm

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank) was a funder for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank).

Chas. W. Freeman Jr. is a trustee at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank), was a U.S. ambassador for Saudi Arabia, and a president for the Middle East Policy Council.

Abdallah Bin Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud was the king of Saudi Arabia, and a benefactor for the Middle East Policy Council.

Open Society Foundations was a funder for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank).

George Soros is the founder & chairman for the Open Society Foundations, a friend of Michael Douglas, and was the chairman for the Foundation to Promote Open Society.  

Foundation to Promote Open Society was a funder for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank), the Robin Hood Foundation, and the International Rescue Committee.

CNN Worldwide is a division of CNN.

Eve Burton was a VP & chief legal officer for CNN, and is an SVP & general counsel for the Hearst Corporation.

Bernard Shaw was a VP for the Hearst Corporation, and married to Patty Hearst.

Patty Hearst was married to Bernard Shaw, and kidnap victim-turned member of the Symbionese Liberation Army.

Sanjay Gupta is a chief medical correspondent for CNN, and a columnist for Time magazine.

Jeff Zucker is the president of CNN Worldwide, a director emeritus at the Robin Hood Foundation, and was an executive producer for the NBC Nightly News.

Brian Williams is a director emeritus at the Robin Hood Foundation, a senior adviser for the Committee to Protect Journalists, and was an anchor for the NBC Nightly News.

Tom Brokaw was a director at the Robin Hood Foundation, an anchor for the NBC Nightly News, is a senior adviser for the Committee to Protect Journalists, and an overseer at the International Rescue Committee.

Diane Sawyer was a director at the Robin Hood Foundation, an anchor for the ABC News, a co-anchor for the CBS Morning News, and a director at the Committee to Protect Journalists.

Dan Rather is a senior adviser for the Committee to Protect Journalists, and was an anchor for the CBS News.

Kati Marton is a director at the Committee to Protect Journalists, an overseer at the International Rescue Committee, was the Bonn bureau chief for the ABC News, married to Peter Jennings, and a director at the International Center for Transitional Justice.

David Miliband is the president & CEO for the International Rescue Committee, and was the foreign secretary; secretary of state for the enironment; minister for schools for the United Kingdom (UK).

Kayce Freed was the producer for the ABC News, and married to Peter Jennings.

Peter Jennings was married to Kati Marton & Kayce Freed, and an anchor for the ABC News.

David A. Hamburg was a director at the International Center for Transitional Justice, and is an adviser for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank).

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (think tank) was a funder for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank).

Michael Douglas is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and a friend of George Soros.

Ted Turner is a co-chairman for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and the founder of CNN.

William J. Perry is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and was a member of the Iraq Study Group.

Iraq Study Group made policy recommendations on U.S. involvement in Iraq.

Malcolm Rifkind is a director at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and was a foreign secretary for the United Kingdom (UK).

Des Browne is the vice chairman for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (think tank), and was a secretary of state for defense for the United Kingdom (UK).